| January 2024 |
SCADA Data - Monthly Averages
| Water Treatment Plant |
|---|
|
Source
|
Parameter
|
Units
|
Monthly Average
|
|
Grand River
|
Flow Rate
|
ML/d
|
37.44
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Flow Rate
|
ML/d
|
31.60
|
|
Grand River
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
8.03
|
|
Filter 1
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.028
|
|
Filter 2
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.026
|
|
Filter 3
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.036
|
|
Filter 4
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.031
|
|
Filter 5
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.026
|
|
Filter 6
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.031
|
|
Filter 7
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.027
|
|
Filter 8
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.030
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.033
|
|
CCC Effluent
|
Log Removal
|
Not applicable
|
8.86
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Combined Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
2.52
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
97.31
|
SCADA Data - Monthly Averages
| Distribution System |
|---|
|
Source
|
Parameter
|
Units
|
Monthly Average
|
|
Tollgate Reservoir
|
Total Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
2.42
|
|
Park Rd. Reservoir
|
Total Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
2.47
|
|
Northwest Reservoir
|
Total Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
2.58
|
|
Albion St. Booster
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
90.64
|
|
Tollgate Reservoir
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
58.16
|
|
Park Rd. Reservoir
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
78.86
|
|
Northwest Reservoir
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
84.54
|
|
Bell Lane
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
50.91
|
|
Fifth Ave
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
96.48
|
|
Lawren Harris
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
64.61
|
|
St. Andrews
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
93.49
|
|
Empey St.
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
82.64
|
Definitions:
SCADA - Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
O.O.S - Out of Service
CCC - Chlorine Contact Chambers
Log Removal – a shorthand term for log10 removal, used in reference to the physical-chemical treatment of water to remove, kill, or inactivate pathogenic organisms.
Combined Chlorine - The concentration of residual chlorine that is combined with ammonia (NH3), organic nitrogen, or both in water as chloramine, yet is still available to oxidize organic matter and act as a disinfectant. Combined chlorine can be accurately estimated as the difference between the measured total chlorine and measure or known free chlorine residual.
Treatment Operators Analysis
| Source | Parameter | Units | MAC | AO/OG | Minimum | Maximum | Average |
|---|
|
Grand River
|
Ammonia
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.04
|
0.24
|
0.12
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Ammonia
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.18
|
0.49
|
0.32
|
|
Grand River
|
True Colour
|
PtCo
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
12
|
24
|
18
|
|
Brantford POE
|
True Colour
|
PtCo
|
Not applicable
|
5
|
0
|
3
|
0.80
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Aluminum
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
0.100
|
0.019
|
0.068
|
0.045
|
|
Grand River
|
UV254
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.119
|
0.184
|
0.153
|
|
Brantford POE
|
UV254
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.037
|
0.066
|
0.054
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Fluoride
|
mg/L
|
1.50
|
Not applicable
|
0.55
|
0.79
|
0.67
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Free chlorine
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.10
|
0.10
|
0.10
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Combined Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
3.00
|
Not applicable
|
2.30
|
2.80
|
2.52
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Total Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
2.40
|
2.90
|
2.62
|
Definitions:
MAC - Maximum Acceptable Concentration
AO/OG - Aesthetic Objective/Operational Guideline
Combined Chlorine - The concentration of residual chlorine that is combined with ammonia (NH3), organic nitrogen, or both in water as chloramine, yet is still available to oxidize organic matter and act as a disinfectant. Combined chlorine can be accurately estimated as the difference between the measured total chlorine and measure or known free chlorine residual.
|
| February 2024 |
SCADA Data - Monthly Averages
| Water Treatment Plant |
|---|
|
Source
|
Parameter
|
Units
|
Monthly Average
|
|
Grand River
|
Flow Rate
|
ML/d
|
37.78
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Flow Rate
|
ML/d
|
31.79
|
|
Grand River
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
5.81
|
|
Filter 1
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.029
|
|
Filter 2
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.027
|
|
Filter 3
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.038
|
|
Filter 4
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.032
|
|
Filter 5
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.027
|
|
Filter 6
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.031
|
|
Filter 7
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.029
|
|
Filter 8
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.030
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.030
|
|
CCC Effluent
|
Log Removal
|
Not applicable
|
9.18
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Combined Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
2.56
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
97.22
|
SCADA Data - Monthly Averages
| Distribution System |
|---|
|
Source
|
Parameter
|
Units
|
Monthly Average
|
|
Tollgate Reservoir
|
Total Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
2.37
|
|
Park Rd. Reservoir
|
Total Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
2.39
|
|
Northwest Reservoir
|
Total Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
2.45
|
|
Albion St. Booster
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
90.68
|
|
Tollgate Reservoir
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
58.39
|
|
Park Rd. Reservoir
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
78.79
|
|
Northwest Reservoir
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
84.41
|
|
Bell Lane
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
50.79
|
|
Fifth Ave
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
96.39
|
|
Lawren Harris
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
64.73
|
|
St. Andrews
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
93.45
|
|
Empey St.
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
82.61
|
Definitions:
SCADA - Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
O.O.S - Out of Service
CCC - Chlorine Contact Chambers
Log Removal – a shorthand term for log10 removal, used in reference to the physical-chemical treatment of water to remove, kill, or inactivate pathogenic organisms.
Combined Chlorine - The concentration of residual chlorine that is combined with ammonia (NH3), organic nitrogen, or both in water as chloramine, yet is still available to oxidize organic matter and act as a disinfectant. Combined chlorine can be accurately estimated as the difference between the measured total chlorine and measure or known free chlorine residual.
Treatment Operators Analysis
| Source | Parameter | Units | MAC | AO/OG | Minimum | Maximum | Average |
|---|
|
Grand River
|
Ammonia
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.05
|
0.20
|
0.10
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Ammonia
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.18
|
0.45
|
0.33
|
|
Grand River
|
True Colour
|
PtCo
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
12
|
21
|
16.64
|
|
Brantford POE
|
True Colour
|
PtCo
|
Not applicable
|
5
|
0
|
2
|
0.66
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Aluminum
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
0.100
|
0.017
|
0.073
|
0.045
|
|
Grand River
|
UV254
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.120
|
0.167
|
0.144
|
|
Brantford POE
|
UV254
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.038
|
0.061
|
0.053
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Fluoride
|
mg/L
|
1.50
|
Not applicable
|
0.61
|
0.85
|
0.73
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Free chlorine
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.10
|
0.10
|
0.10
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Combined Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
3.00
|
Not applicable
|
2.40
|
2.80
|
2.55
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Total Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
2.50
|
2.90
|
2.65
|
Definitions:
MAC - Maximum Acceptable Concentration
AO/OG - Aesthetic Objective/Operational Guideline
Combined Chlorine - The concentration of residual chlorine that is combined with ammonia (NH3), organic nitrogen, or both in water as chloramine, yet is still available to oxidize organic matter and act as a disinfectant. Combined chlorine can be accurately estimated as the difference between the measured total chlorine and measure or known free chlorine residual.
|
| March 2024 |
SCADA Data - Monthly Averages
| Water Treatment Plant |
|---|
|
Source
|
Parameter
|
Units
|
Monthly Average
|
|
Grand River
|
Flow Rate
|
ML/d
|
36.92
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Flow Rate
|
ML/d
|
31.89
|
|
Grand River
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
9.15
|
|
Filter 1
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.037
|
|
Filter 2
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.036
|
|
Filter 3
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.046
|
|
Filter 4
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.041
|
|
Filter 5
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.035
|
|
Filter 6
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.039
|
|
Filter 7
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.037
|
|
Filter 8
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.039
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.043
|
|
CCC Effluent
|
Log Removal
|
Not applicable
|
10.88
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Combined Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
2.57
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
97.31
|
SCADA Data - Monthly Averages
| Distribution System |
|---|
|
Source
|
Parameter
|
Units
|
Monthly Average
|
|
Tollgate Reservoir
|
Total Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
2.36
|
|
Park Rd. Reservoir
|
Total Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
2.36
|
|
Northwest Reservoir
|
Total Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
2.52
|
|
Albion St. Booster
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
90.63
|
|
Tollgate Reservoir
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
58.24
|
|
Park Rd. Reservoir
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
78.79
|
|
Northwest Reservoir
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
84.66
|
|
Bell Lane
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
50.82
|
|
Fifth Ave
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
96.48
|
|
Lawren Harris
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
64.65
|
|
St. Andrews
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
93.59
|
|
Empey St.
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
82.61
|
Definitions:
SCADA - Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
O.O.S - Out of Service
CCC - Chlorine Contact Chambers
Log Removal – a shorthand term for log10 removal, used in reference to the physical-chemical treatment of water to remove, kill, or inactivate pathogenic organisms.
Combined Chlorine - The concentration of residual chlorine that is combined with ammonia (NH3), organic nitrogen, or both in water as chloramine, yet is still available to oxidize organic matter and act as a disinfectant. Combined chlorine can be accurately estimated as the difference between the measured total chlorine and measure or known free chlorine residual.
Treatment Operators Analysis
| Source | Parameters | Units | MAC | AO/OG | Minimum | Maximum | Average |
|---|
|
Grand River
|
Ammonia
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0
|
0.16
|
0.09
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Ammonia
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.23
|
0.45
|
0.32
|
|
Grand River
|
True Colour
|
PtCo
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
17
|
29
|
18.81
|
|
Brantford POE
|
True Colour
|
PtCo
|
Not applicable
|
5
|
0
|
2
|
0.71
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Aluminum
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
0.100
|
0.036
|
0.141
|
0.076
|
|
Grand River
|
UV254
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.130
|
0.184
|
0.154
|
|
Brantford POE
|
UV254
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.045
|
0.062
|
0.053
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Fluoride
|
mg/L
|
1.50
|
Not applicable
|
0.56
|
0.75
|
0.65
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Free chlorine
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.10
|
0.10
|
0.10
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Combined Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
3.00
|
Not applicable
|
2.40
|
2.80
|
2.53
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Total Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
2.50
|
2.90
|
2.63
|
Definitions:
MAC - Maximum Acceptable Concentration
AO/OG - Aesthetic Objective/Operational Guideline
Combined Chlorine - The concentration of residual chlorine that is combined with ammonia (NH3), organic nitrogen, or both in water as chloramine, yet is still available to oxidize organic matter and act as a disinfectant. Combined chlorine can be accurately estimated as the difference between the measured total chlorine and measure or known free chlorine residual.
|
| April 2024 |
SCADA Data - Monthly Averages
| Water Treatment Plant |
|---|
|
Source
|
Parameter
|
Units
|
Monthly Average
|
|
Grand River
|
Flow Rate
|
ML/d
|
36.59
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Flow Rate
|
ML/d
|
31.20
|
|
Grand River
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
7.47
|
|
Filter 1
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.045
|
|
Filter 2
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.039
|
|
Filter 3
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.052
|
|
Filter 4
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.047
|
|
Filter 5
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.043
|
|
Filter 6
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.045
|
|
Filter 7
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.045
|
|
Filter 8
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.046
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.056
|
|
CCC Effluent
|
Log Removal
|
Not applicable
|
13.64
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Combined Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
2.57
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
97.25
|
SCADA Data - Monthly Averages
| Distribution System |
|---|
|
Source
|
Parameter
|
Units
|
Monthly Average
|
|
Tollgate Reservoir
|
Total Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
2.31
|
|
Park Rd. Reservoir
|
Total Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
2.29
|
|
Northwest Reservoir
|
Total Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
2.50
|
|
Albion St. Booster
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
90.55
|
|
Tollgate Reservoir
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
58.14
|
|
Park Rd. Reservoir
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
78.77
|
|
Northwest Reservoir
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
84.39
|
|
Bell Lane
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
50.91
|
|
Fifth Ave
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
96.57
|
|
Lawren Harris
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
64.58
|
|
St. Andrews
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
93.16
|
|
Empey St.
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
82.57
|
Definitions:
SCADA - Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
O.O.S - Out of Service
CCC - Chlorine Contact Chambers
Log Removal – a shorthand term for log10 removal, used in reference to the physical-chemical treatment of water to remove, kill, or inactivate pathogenic organisms.
Combined Chlorine - The concentration of residual chlorine that is combined with ammonia (NH3), organic nitrogen, or both in water as chloramine, yet is still available to oxidize organic matter and act as a disinfectant. Combined chlorine can be accurately estimated as the difference between the measured total chlorine and measure or known free chlorine residual.
Treatment Operators Analysis
| Source | Parameter | Units | MAC | AO/OG | Minimum | Maximum | Average |
|---|
|
Grand River
|
Ammonia
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.04
|
0.20
|
0.10
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Ammonia
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.20
|
0.45
|
0.33
|
|
Grand River
|
True Colour
|
PtCo
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
16
|
38
|
21
|
|
Brantford POE
|
True Colour
|
PtCo
|
Not applicable
|
5
|
0
|
2
|
0.62
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Aluminum
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
0.100
|
0.037
|
0.232
|
0.114
|
|
Grand River
|
UV254
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.137
|
0.199
|
0.166
|
|
Brantford POE
|
UV254
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.040
|
0.059
|
0.049
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Fluoride
|
mg/L
|
1.50
|
Not applicable
|
0.61
|
0.81
|
0.71
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Free chlorine
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.10
|
0.10
|
0.10
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Combined Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
3.00
|
Not applicable
|
2.40
|
2.80
|
2.55
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Total Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
2.50
|
2.90
|
2.65
|
Definitions:
MAC - Maximum Acceptable Concentration
AO/OG - Aesthetic Objective/Operational Guideline
Combined Chlorine - The concentration of residual chlorine that is combined with ammonia (NH3), organic nitrogen, or both in water as chloramine, yet is still available to oxidize organic matter and act as a disinfectant. Combined chlorine can be accurately estimated as the difference between the measured total chlorine and measure or known free chlorine residual.
|
| May 2024 |
SCADA Data - Monthly Averages
| Water Treatment Plant |
|---|
|
Source
|
Parameter
|
Units
|
Monthly Average
|
|
Grand River
|
Flow Rate
|
ML/d
|
39.12
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Flow Rate
|
ML/d
|
34.20
|
|
Grand River
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
5.30
|
|
Filter 1
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.048
|
|
Filter 2
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.040
|
|
Filter 3
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.046
|
|
Filter 4
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.047
|
|
Filter 5
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.046
|
|
Filter 6
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.047
|
|
Filter 7
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.044
|
|
Filter 8
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.045
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.067
|
|
CCC Effluent
|
Log Removal
|
Not applicable
|
18.04
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Combined Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
2.60
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
97.27
|
SCADA Data - Monthly Averages
| Distribution System |
|---|
|
Source
|
Parameter
|
Units
|
Monthly Average
|
|
Tollgate Reservoir
|
Total Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
2.06
|
|
Park Rd. Reservoir
|
Total Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
2.24
|
|
Northwest Reservoir
|
Total Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
2.29
|
|
Albion St. Booster
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
90.25
|
|
Tollgate Reservoir
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
58.39
|
|
Park Rd. Reservoir
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
78.57
|
|
Northwest Reservoir
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
83.92
|
|
Bell Lane
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
50.78
|
|
Fifth Ave
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
96.25
|
|
Lawren Harris
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
64.35
|
|
St. Andrews
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
92.29
|
|
Empey St.
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
82.29
|
Definitions:
SCADA - Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
O.O.S - Out of Service
CCC - Chlorine Contact Chambers
Log Removal – a shorthand term for log10 removal, used in reference to the physical-chemical treatment of water to remove, kill, or inactivate pathogenic organisms.
Combined Chlorine - The concentration of residual chlorine that is combined with ammonia (NH3), organic nitrogen, or both in water as chloramine, yet is still available to oxidize organic matter and act as a disinfectant. Combined chlorine can be accurately estimated as the difference between the measured total chlorine and measure or known free chlorine residual.
Treatment Operators Analysis
| Source | Parameter | Units | MAC | AO/OG | Minimum | Maximum | Average |
|---|
|
Grand River
|
Ammonia
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.02
|
0.23
|
0.12
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Ammonia
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.26
|
0.46
|
0.37
|
|
Grand River
|
True Colour
|
PtCo
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
18
|
32
|
21.87
|
|
Brantford POE
|
True Colour
|
PtCo
|
Not applicable
|
5
|
0
|
5
|
0.639
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Aluminum
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
0.100
|
0.073
|
0.249
|
0.167
|
|
Grand River
|
UV254
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.145
|
0.225
|
0.168
|
|
Brantford POE
|
UV254
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.039
|
0.064
|
0.048
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Fluoride
|
mg/L
|
1.50
|
Not applicable
|
0.59
|
0.80
|
0.67
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Free chlorine
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.10
|
0.10
|
0.10
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Combined Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
3.00
|
Not applicable
|
2.40
|
2.80
|
2.59
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Total Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
2.50
|
2.90
|
2.69
|
Definitions:
MAC - Maximum Acceptable Concentration
AO/OG - Aesthetic Objective/Operational Guideline
Combined Chlorine - The concentration of residual chlorine that is combined with ammonia (NH3), organic nitrogen, or both in water as chloramine, yet is still available to oxidize organic matter and act as a disinfectant. Combined chlorine can be accurately estimated as the difference between the measured total chlorine and measure or known free chlorine residual.
|
| June 2024 |
SCADA Data - Monthly Averages
| Water Treatment Plant |
|---|
|
Source
|
Parameter
|
Units
|
Monthly Average
|
|
Grand River
|
Flow Rate
|
ML/d
|
40.76
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Flow Rate
|
ML/d
|
36.68
|
|
Grand River
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
7.09
|
|
Filter 1
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.049
|
|
Filter 2
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.041
|
|
Filter 3
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.048
|
|
Filter 4
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.047
|
|
Filter 5
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.044
|
|
Filter 6
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.046
|
|
Filter 7
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.046
|
|
Filter 8
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.045
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.056
|
|
CCC Effluent
|
Log Removal
|
Not applicable
|
23.41
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Combined Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
2.60
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
97.35
|
SCADA Data - Monthly Averages
| Distribution System |
|---|
|
Source
|
Parameter
|
Units
|
Monthly Average
|
|
Tollgate Reservoir
|
Total Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
2.06
|
|
Park Rd. Reservoir
|
Total Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
2.10
|
|
Northwest Reservoir
|
Total Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
2.14
|
|
Albion St. Booster
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
90.00
|
|
Tollgate Reservoir
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
58.46
|
|
Park Rd. Reservoir
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
78.54
|
|
Northwest Reservoir
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
84.85
|
|
Bell Lane
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
50.69
|
|
Fifth Ave
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
96.15
|
|
Lawren Harris
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
64.50
|
|
St. Andrews
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
91.98
|
|
Empey St.
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
82.22
|
Definitions:
SCADA - Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
O.O.S - Out of Service
CCC - Chlorine Contact Chambers
Log Removal – a shorthand term for log10 removal, used in reference to the physical-chemical treatment of water to remove, kill, or inactivate pathogenic organisms.
Combined Chlorine - The concentration of residual chlorine that is combined with ammonia (NH3), organic nitrogen, or both in water as chloramine, yet is still available to oxidize organic matter and act as a disinfectant. Combined chlorine can be accurately estimated as the difference between the measured total chlorine and measure or known free chlorine residual.
Treatment Operators Analysis
| Source | Parameter | Units | MAC | AO/OG | Minimum | Maximum | Average |
|---|
|
Grand River
|
Ammonia
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.05
|
0.19
|
0.14
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Ammonia
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.30
|
0.52
|
0.39
|
|
Grand River
|
True Colour
|
PtCo
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
16
|
28
|
20.82
|
|
Brantford POE
|
True Colour
|
PtCo
|
Not applicable
|
5
|
0
|
2
|
0.30
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Aluminum
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
0.100
|
0.074
|
0.186
|
0.127
|
|
Grand River
|
UV254
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.146
|
0.211
|
0.173
|
|
Brantford POE
|
UV254
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.036
|
0.061
|
0.047
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Fluoride
|
mg/L
|
1.50
|
Not applicable
|
0.56
|
0.84
|
0.68
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Free chlorine
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.10
|
0.10
|
0.10
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Combined Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
3.00
|
Not applicable
|
2.40
|
2.80
|
2.61
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Total Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
2.50
|
2.90
|
2.71
|
Definitions:
MAC - Maximum Acceptable Concentration
AO/OG - Aesthetic Objective/Operational Guideline
Combined Chlorine - The concentration of residual chlorine that is combined with ammonia (NH3), organic nitrogen, or both in water as chloramine, yet is still available to oxidize organic matter and act as a disinfectant. Combined chlorine can be accurately estimated as the difference between the measured total chlorine and measure or known free chlorine residual.
|
| July 2024 |
SCADA Data - Monthly Averages
| Water Treatment Plant |
|---|
|
Source
|
Parameter
|
Units
|
Monthly Average
|
|
Grand River
|
Flow Rate
|
ML/d
|
40.04
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Flow Rate
|
ML/d
|
35.75
|
|
Grand River
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
7.33
|
|
Filter 1
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.051
|
|
Filter 2
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.039
|
|
Filter 3
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.045
|
|
Filter 4
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.046
|
|
Filter 5
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.044
|
|
Filter 6
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.043
|
|
Filter 7
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.042
|
|
Filter 8
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.046
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.057
|
|
CCC Effluent
|
Log Removal
|
Not applicable
|
28.74
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Combined Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
2.60
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
97.34
|
SCADA Data - Monthly Averages
| Distribution Centre |
|---|
|
Source
|
Parameter
|
Units
|
Monthly Average
|
|
Tollgate Reservoir
|
Total Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
2.00
|
|
Park Rd. Reservoir
|
Total Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
2.03
|
|
Northwest Reservoir
|
Total Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
2.17
|
|
Albion St. Booster
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
90.00
|
|
Tollgate Reservoir
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
58.51
|
|
Park Rd. Reservoir
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
78.58
|
|
Northwest Reservoir
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
86.28
|
|
Bell Lane
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
50.73
|
|
Fifth Ave
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
96.16
|
|
Lawren Harris
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
64.48
|
|
St. Andrews
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
91.99
|
|
Empey St.
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
82.31
|
Definitions:
SCADA - Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
O.O.S - Out of Service
CCC - Chlorine Contact Chambers
Log Removal – a shorthand term for log10 removal, used in reference to the physical-chemical treatment of water to remove, kill, or inactivate pathogenic organisms.
Combined Chlorine - The concentration of residual chlorine that is combined with ammonia (NH3), organic nitrogen, or both in water as chloramine, yet is still available to oxidize organic matter and act as a disinfectant. Combined chlorine can be accurately estimated as the difference between the measured total chlorine and measure or known free chlorine residual.
Treatment Operators Analysis
| Source | Parameter | Units | MAC | AO/OG | Minimum | Maximum | Average |
|---|
|
Grand River
|
Ammonia
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.05
|
0.23
|
0.13
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Ammonia
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.26
|
0.73
|
0.42
|
|
Grand River
|
True Colour
|
PtCo
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
14
|
44
|
24
|
|
Brantford POE
|
True Colour
|
PtCo
|
Not applicable
|
5
|
0
|
2
|
0.40
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Aluminum
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
0.100
|
0.064
|
0.179
|
0.113
|
|
Grand River
|
UV254
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.129
|
0.299
|
0.198
|
|
Brantford POE
|
UV254
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.032
|
0.072
|
0.055
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Fluoride
|
mg/L
|
1.50
|
Not applicable
|
0.59
|
0.75
|
0.67
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Free chlorine
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.10
|
0.10
|
0.10
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Combined Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
3.00
|
Not applicable
|
2.40
|
2.80
|
2.64
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Total Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
2.50
|
2.90
|
2.74
|
Definitions:
MAC - Maximum Acceptable Concentration
AO/OG - Aesthetic Objective/Operational Guideline
Combined Chlorine - The concentration of residual chlorine that is combined with ammonia (NH3), organic nitrogen, or both in water as chloramine, yet is still available to oxidize organic matter and act as a disinfectant. Combined chlorine can be accurately estimated as the difference between the measured total chlorine and measure or known free chlorine residual.
|
| August 2024 |
SCADA Data - Monthly Averages
| Water Treatment Plant |
|---|
|
Source
|
Parameter
|
Units
|
Monthly Average
|
|
Grand River
|
Flow Rate
|
ML/d
|
42.30
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Flow Rate
|
ML/d
|
35.75
|
|
Grand River
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
6.37
|
|
Filter 1
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.054
|
|
Filter 2
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.050
|
|
Filter 3
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.049
|
|
Filter 4
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.051
|
|
Filter 5
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.048
|
|
Filter 6
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.045
|
|
Filter 7
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.047
|
|
Filter 8
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.048
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.065
|
|
CCC Effluent
|
Log Removal
|
Not applicable
|
25.19
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Combined Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
2.61
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
97.38
|
SCADA Data - Monthly Averages
| Distribution System |
|---|
|
Source
|
Parameter
|
Units
|
Monthly Average
|
|
Tollgate Reservoir
|
Total Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
2.03
|
|
Park Rd. Reservoir
|
Total Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
2.05
|
|
Northwest Reservoir
|
Total Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
2.11
|
|
Albion St. Booster
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
89.79
|
|
Tollgate Reservoir
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
58.62
|
|
Park Rd. Reservoir
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
78.44
|
|
Northwest Reservoir
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
86.04
|
|
Bell Lane
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
50.78
|
|
Fifth Ave
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
96.17
|
|
Lawren Harris
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
64.43
|
|
St. Andrews
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
91.76
|
|
Empey St.
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
82.11
|
Definitions:
SCADA - Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
O.O.S - Out of Service
CCC - Chlorine Contact Chambers
Log Removal – a shorthand term for log10 removal, used in reference to the physical-chemical treatment of water to remove, kill, or inactivate pathogenic organisms.
Combined Chlorine - The concentration of residual chlorine that is combined with ammonia (NH3), organic nitrogen, or both in water as chloramine, yet is still available to oxidize organic matter and act as a disinfectant. Combined chlorine can be accurately estimated as the difference between the measured total chlorine and measure or known free chlorine residual.
Treatment Operators Analysis
| Source | Parameter | Units | MAC | AO/OB | Minimum | Maximum | Average |
|---|
|
Grand River
|
Ammonia
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.06
|
0.18
|
0.11
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Ammonia
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.30
|
0.53
|
0.39
|
|
Grand River
|
True Colour
|
PtCo
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
14
|
29
|
20
|
|
Brantford POE
|
True Colour
|
PtCo
|
Not applicable
|
5
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Aluminum
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
0.100
|
0.075
|
0.202
|
0.157
|
|
Grand River
|
UV254
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.148
|
0.212
|
0.170
|
|
Brantford POE
|
UV254
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.037
|
0.069
|
0.048
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Fluoride
|
mg/L
|
1.50
|
Not applicable
|
0.19
|
0.81
|
0.68
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Free chlorine
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.10
|
0.10
|
0.10
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Combined Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
3.00
|
Not applicable
|
2.40
|
2.80
|
2.62
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Total Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
2.50
|
2.90
|
2.72
|
Definitions:
MAC - Maximum Acceptable Concentration
AO/OG - Aesthetic Objective/Operational Guideline
Combined Chlorine - The concentration of residual chlorine that is combined with ammonia (NH3), organic nitrogen, or both in water as chloramine, yet is still available to oxidize organic matter and act as a disinfectant. Combined chlorine can be accurately estimated as the difference between the measured total chlorine and measure or known free chlorine residual.
|
| September 2024 |
SCADA Data - Monthly Averages
| Water Treatment Plant |
|---|
|
Source
|
Parameter
|
Units
|
Monthly Average
|
|
Grand River
|
Flow Rate
|
ML/d
|
40.74
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Flow Rate
|
ML/d
|
35.67
|
|
Grand River
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
6.78
|
|
Filter 1
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.053
|
|
Filter 2
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.047
|
|
Filter 3
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.045
|
|
Filter 4
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.047
|
|
Filter 5
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.043
|
|
Filter 6
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.043
|
|
Filter 7
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.041
|
|
Filter 8
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.045
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.067
|
|
CCC Effluent
|
Log Removal
|
Not applicable
|
20.87
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Combined Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
2.57
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
97.35
|
SCADA Data - Monthly Averages
| Distribution System |
|---|
|
Source
|
Parameter
|
Units
|
Monthly Average
|
|
Tollgate Reservoir
|
Total Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
2.10
|
|
Park Rd. Reservoir
|
Total Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
2.00
|
|
Northwest Reservoir
|
Total Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
2.15
|
|
Albion St. Booster
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
89.88
|
|
Tollgate Reservoir
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
58.59
|
|
Park Rd. Reservoir
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
78.53
|
|
Northwest Reservoir
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
86.19
|
|
Bell Lane
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
50.76
|
|
Fifth Ave
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
96.22
|
|
Lawren Harris
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
64.50
|
|
St. Andrews
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
91.97
|
|
Empey St.
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
82.23
|
Definitions:
SCADA - Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
O.O.S - Out of Service
CCC - Chlorine Contact Chambers
Log Removal – a shorthand term for log10 removal, used in reference to the physical-chemical treatment of water to remove, kill, or inactivate pathogenic organisms.
Combined Chlorine - The concentration of residual chlorine that is combined with ammonia (NH3), organic nitrogen, or both in water as chloramine, yet is still available to oxidize organic matter and act as a disinfectant. Combined chlorine can be accurately estimated as the difference between the measured total chlorine and measure or known free chlorine residual.
Treatment Operators Analysis
| Source | Parameter | Units | MAC | AO/OG | Minimum | Maximum | Average |
|---|
|
Grand River
|
Ammonia
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.03
|
0.16
|
0.09
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Ammonia
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.21
|
0.77
|
0.38
|
|
Grand River
|
True Colour
|
PtCo
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
14
|
22
|
17.53
|
|
Brantford POE
|
True Colour
|
PtCo
|
Not applicable
|
5
|
0
|
1
|
0.217
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Aluminum
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
0.100
|
0.080
|
0.190
|
0.135
|
|
Grand River
|
UV254
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.125
|
0.177
|
0.145
|
|
Brantford POE
|
UV254
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.035
|
0.058
|
0.042
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Fluoride
|
mg/L
|
1.50
|
Not applicable
|
0.61
|
0.89
|
0.72
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Free chlorine
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.10
|
0.10
|
0.10
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Combined Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
3.00
|
Not applicable
|
2.20
|
2.80
|
2.60
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Total Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
2.30
|
2.90
|
2.70
|
Definitions:
MAC - Maximum Acceptable Concentration
AO/OG - Aesthetic Objective/Operational Guideline
Combined Chlorine - The concentration of residual chlorine that is combined with ammonia (NH3), organic nitrogen, or both in water as chloramine, yet is still available to oxidize organic matter and act as a disinfectant. Combined chlorine can be accurately estimated as the difference between the measured total chlorine and measure or known free chlorine residual.
|
| October 2024 |
SCADA Data - Monthly Averages
| Water Treatment Plant |
|---|
|
Source
|
Parameter
|
Units
|
Monthly Average
|
|
Grand River
|
Flow Rate
|
ML/d
|
38.26
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Flow Rate
|
ML/d
|
32.81
|
|
Grand River
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
5.67
|
|
Filter 1
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.041
|
|
Filter 2
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.040
|
|
Filter 3
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.038
|
|
Filter 4
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.041
|
|
Filter 5
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.039
|
|
Filter 6
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.039
|
|
Filter 7
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.036
|
|
Filter 8
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.039
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Turbidity
|
NTU
|
0.049
|
|
CCC Effluent
|
Log Removal
|
Not applicable
|
14.73
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Combined Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
2.59
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
97.26
|
SCADA Data - Monthly Averages
| Distribution System |
|---|
|
Source
|
Parameter
|
Units
|
Monthly Average
|
|
Tollgate Reservoir
|
Total Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
2.35
|
|
Park Rd. Reservoir
|
Total Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
2.10
|
|
Northwest Reservoir
|
Total Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
2.37
|
|
Albion St. Booster
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
90.05
|
|
Tollgate Reservoir
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
58.60
|
|
Park Rd. Reservoir
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
78.30
|
|
Northwest Reservoir
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
86.46
|
|
Bell Lane
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
50.80
|
|
Fifth Ave
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
96.43
|
|
Lawren Harris
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
64.60
|
|
St. Andrews
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
92.85
|
|
Empey St.
|
Pressure
|
psi
|
81.96
|
Definitions:
SCADA - Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
O.O.S - Out of Service
CCC - Chlorine Contact Chambers
Log Removal – a shorthand term for log10 removal, used in reference to the physical-chemical treatment of water to remove, kill, or inactivate pathogenic organisms.
Combined Chlorine - The concentration of residual chlorine that is combined with ammonia (NH3), organic nitrogen, or both in water as chloramine, yet is still available to oxidize organic matter and act as a disinfectant. Combined chlorine can be accurately estimated as the difference between the measured total chlorine and measure or known free chlorine residual.
Treatment Operators Analysis
| Source | Parameter | Units | MAC | AO/OG | Minimum | Maximum | Average |
|---|
|
Grand River
|
Ammonia
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.02
|
0.13
|
0.08
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Ammonia
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.28
|
0.50
|
0.36
|
|
Grand River
|
True Colour
|
PtCo
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
7
|
19
|
14.48
|
|
Brantford POE
|
True Colour
|
PtCo
|
Not applicable
|
5
|
0
|
2
|
0
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Aluminum
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
0.100
|
0.046
|
0.151
|
0.107
|
|
Grand River
|
UV254
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.099
|
0.152
|
0.128
|
|
Brantford POE
|
UV254
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.034
|
0.048
|
0.038
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Fluoride
|
mg/L
|
1.50
|
Not applicable
|
0.64
|
0.96
|
0.72
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Free chlorine
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
0.10
|
0.10
|
0.10
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Combined Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
3.00
|
Not applicable
|
2.40
|
2.80
|
2.59
|
|
Brantford POE
|
Total Chlorine
|
mg/L
|
Not applicable
|
Not applicable
|
2.50
|
2.90
|
2.69
|
Definitions:
MAC - Maximum Acceptable Concentration
AO/OG - Aesthetic Objective/Operational Guideline
Combined Chlorine - The concentration of residual chlorine that is combined with ammonia (NH3), organic nitrogen, or both in water as chloramine, yet is still available to oxidize organic matter and act as a disinfectant. Combined chlorine can be accurately estimated as the difference between the measured total chlorine and measure or known free chlorine residual.
|
| November 2024 |
|
| December 2024 |
|
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